Activity 1.1.1.

1. Define civil engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, like bridges, roads, canals, dams, and buildings
2. Define architecture.
The art and science of designing and erecting buildings
3. Describe the origination of the concept of architecture?
They were built more as a craft or a need people just now call it architecture
4. In ancient times how were building materials chosen?
Based on where there was most of the material
5. Give two examples of vernacular architecture.
Igloos and Indian Huts
6. Name and describe the type of system used to create many early buildings.
Neolithic architecture was used to create some of the oldest structures. They were made of stone and sometimes rudimentary mortar perhaps consisting of mud or something similar
7. What was the purpose of the Egyptian pyramids? Mexican pyramids?
Egyptian pyramids were made for religious purpose because they were used as tombs for their rulers or rich people Mexican were for sacrifice.
8. What kind of construction method was used to build the Parthenon? Make a simple sketch to illustrate.
It was a series of posts and horizontal beams set on one another it was called Post and Lintel construction.

9. What problem in architecture led to this form of construction?
It could hold up a lot more and was safer
10. Explain how an arch is created.
Blocks are cut at angles and set on top of one another and at the top in the middle there is a stone that holds it which is called the key stone and that holds it all together.
11. How is the vault used in civil engineering?
Vaults, are long arch ways or series of arches, that make tunnels or halls
12. Give an example of an arch and dome system.
A train tunnel or
13. Give an example of a modern material we have that was not available to the ancients. How did this restrict construction in ancient times?
We have medal work that we use to make iron beams to strengthen structures and we have equipment that we can use
14. What was the purpose of the Roman aqueducts?
To bring fresh water to the people so they didn’t have to go to the water
15. Compare ancient Greek roads to ancient Roman roads.
Greek roads were slits in the road normally just dirt Roman was made of stone or brick
16. Describe an ancient Roman bridge.
First large and lasting bridges built made of stone and had strong arch systems for support
17. How did building materials and methods change after the Romans?
People started to stay put so the materials were what they could find near them or what people would bring to them
Conclusion
1. Give an example of a modern pyramid not shown in the presentation. How does its function differ from that of the Egyptian pyramids? What do you think accounts for this difference?
The pyramid in Vegas it is a hotel people live in them not die…
2. Give an example of a modern structure that uses an arch and dome system.
The RCA Dome was or the Golden Gate Bridge



3. What is the main purpose of modern roads? How is the cost of modern roadways defrayed?
So people could get from one place to another and it is based on the material used

Victorian

Yeah Toast

all around the country coast to coast,

people always say what do you like most,

I don't wanna brag i don't wanna boast,

I always tell 'em I like toast.

yeah TOAST yeah TOAST

i get up in the mornin' bout six AM,

have a little jelly have a little jam,

take a piece of bread put it in the slot,

push down the lever and the wires gets hot,

i get toast.

yeah TOAST yeah TOAST

now there's no secret to toasting perfection,

there's a dial on the side and you make your selection,

push to the dark or the light and then,

if it pops too soon press down again,

make toast.

yeah TOAST yeah TOAST

when the first caveman drove in from the drags,

didn't know what would go with the bacon and the eggs,

must have been a genius got it in his head,

plug the toaster in the wall,

buy a bag of bread,

make toast.

yeah TOAST yeah TOAST

oui monsieur bonjour coquette,

uh huh croissante vous a ver,

maurice chevalier effeil tower,

oh oui maria bagette bon soir,

FRENCH TOAST FRENCH TOAST

Yeah Toast

About Me

My name is Dylan Jones I go to Norwell High school I build model airplanes for a hobby and I enjoy drawing. Out of high school I plan to enlist in the United States Army and try to get into the engineering feild from there.